Ancient Bread Mold Unearthed in Harran Reveals 800-Year-Old Culinary Traditions

Long celebrated as a cradle of science and philosophy, Harran has now offered a rare glimpse into its everyday life. Archaeologists working in the ancient city in southeastern Türkiye have uncovered an 800-year-old bread mold decorated with distinctive diamond-shaped patterns.

The baked-clay artifact, measuring about 40 centimeters in diameter, was discovered during excavations near the northern section of the Great Mosque of Harran. According to Prof. Mehmet Önal, head of the Harran University Archaeology Department, the find was made within the remains of a medieval madrasa complex.

“This type of mold was used to shape bread, mark its safety for consumption, and improve its baking quality. Similar examples have been found in Pompeii, some even carrying the names of their owners. The Harran mold shows that bread-making here was not only a matter of sustenance but also of artistry,” Prof. Önal explained.

The excavations also revealed vaulted chambers and traditional ovens, suggesting how bread production and scholarly life coexisted within the madrasa.

Listed on UNESCO’s Tentative World Heritage List, Harran was a renowned center of mathematics, astronomy, medicine, and theology until its decline following the Mongol invasions in the 13th century. The newly unearthed bread mold adds another layer to this rich cultural history, linking the intellectual prestige of Harran with the daily rituals of its inhabitants.

Authorities confirmed that the artifact will undergo further scientific study before being placed on public display.