76 Cuneiform-Inscribed Pithoi Unearthed in Kevenli Fortress: Uncovering Urartu’s Largest Ancient Storage Center

Archaeologists in Türkiye’s eastern Van province have unearthed 76 massive pithoi (storage jars) inscribed with cuneiform markings at Kevenli Fortress, a Urartian stronghold on the slopes of Mount Erek. The exceptional find offers new insight into Urartu’s agricultural economy and stands as the largest known ancient storage facility in the Van region.

Rare Inscriptions Reveal Ancient Inventory System

Excavations led by the Van Museum and scientifically directed by Assoc. Prof. Dr. Rıfat Kuvanç of Iğdır University revealed a symmetrical layout of enormous jars, each marked with cuneiform symbols detailing volume measurements and contents. The inscriptions, carved over 2,700 years ago, suggest a highly organized storage and distribution system.

“Although Kevenli Fortress is relatively small, the number of storage jars makes it the largest known depot in the Van region,” Kuvanç explained.

DNA Analysis and Clues to Urartian Agriculture

Samples from the jars are undergoing ancient DNA testing, expected to reconstruct the diversity of crops cultivated in the Van Plain during the Urartian period (9th–6th centuries BCE). The research team has already identified seeds in one jar and hopes to uncover more evidence in the others.

Engineering and Artistic Elements

Archaeologists also unearthed a terracotta water pipe fragment, traces of red and black wall paintings, and high-quality palace ceramics, one featuring a carved lion motif. These finds highlight Urartu’s engineering capabilities and the fortress’s decorative richness.

Strategic Agricultural Hub

The Kingdom of Urartu, centered at Tušpa (modern Van Castle), controlled the rugged highlands of eastern Anatolia and flourished through meticulous agricultural planning. Sites like Kevenli Fortress played a vital role in supplying food reserves to sustain armies and cities. The discovery of 76 inscribed pithoi underscores the kingdom’s advanced storage infrastructure.

Strategic Role of Kevenli Fortress in the Urartian Kingdom

Situated on the lower slopes of Mount Erek, Kevenli Fortress was a key part of Urartu’s fortified network overseeing the fertile Van Plain and regional trade routes. Though smaller than major centers like Tušpa (Van Castle), it served as a logistical hub and agricultural depot.