Saturday, April 18 2026

Author: Andrew Loral

Binbir Kilise

15 Newly Identified Churches at Binbir Kilise (Karadağ) Expand Understanding of Byzantine Sacred Landscapes in Central Anatolia

Recent fieldwork in central Anatolia has significantly expanded the archaeological understanding of the Binbir Kilise (Thousand and One Churches) region, located on the slopes of Karadağ, north of Karaman. A survey led by Assoc. Prof. Dr. İlker Mete Mimiroğlu of Necmettin Erbakan University has identified at least 15 previously undocumented churches and chapels, alongside additional

Massive Sardis Synagogue with Vast Mosaics Reveals Jewish Presence in Roman Anatolia

Massive Sardis Synagogue with Vast Mosaics Reveals Jewish Presence in Roman Anatolia

One of the largest synagogues of the ancient world still stands at Sardis—its vast mosaic floors stretching across nearly 1,400 square meters, quietly preserving the footprint of a once-powerful Jewish community in Roman Anatolia. Set within one of the city’s most prominent public complexes, the structure does more than impress with its scale. It reveals

A 600-year-old Ottoman endowment inscription carved directly into natural bedrock has been restored in Amasya, northern Türkiye. Dating to 1418, the Bayezid Pasha foundation text is now readable again after years of damage, and experts say it may represent the only known example of a waqf inscription carved into living rock anywhere in the world. Located along the banks of the Yeşilırmak River, near the Leğenkaya Waterfall, the inscription had long been obscured by graffiti and surface deterioration. The recent restoration has not only cleaned the stone but also revealed a rare form of Ottoman documentation—one that was literally engraved into the landscape. A waqf text carved into living rock Commissioned by Grand Vizier Bayezid Pasha during the reign of Ottoman Sultan Mehmed I, the inscription differs fundamentally from typical waqf documents. Instead of being written on paper or carved onto a separate stone slab, the text was engraved directly into the natural rock surface. Before carving began, the rock face was carefully leveled to create a smooth plane resembling polished marble. The inscription, executed in relief, spans approximately 3 meters in width and 110 centimeters in height. It consists of eight lines in Arabic script and contains around 125 words, excluding particles. This deliberate and permanent method of inscription suggests a strong intention to embed the legal and charitable framework of the foundation into the physical environment itself. From vandalized surface to readable text Over time, the inscription suffered significant damage. Spray paint, scratches, and informal markings had turned the surface into what locals described as a “writing board,” obscuring much of the original text. The restoration process involved carefully removing paint residues using a controlled micro-abrasion technique with travertine powder. The weakened stone surface was then stabilized with compatible conservation materials. To improve legibility, conservators applied subtle shading, allowing the carved letters to stand out more clearly without altering the original structure. As a result, the inscription has regained much of its visual clarity. Protected for the future The intervention went beyond cleaning and stabilization. A reinforced protection system was installed around the site, including structural supports and a transparent protective layer over the inscription itself. Lighting was also added to enhance nighttime visibility, ensuring the inscription can be appreciated while remaining protected from further environmental and human damage. Why this inscription matters Waqf (endowment) documents played a central role in the Ottoman world, defining how religious, social, and charitable institutions were funded and maintained. These texts were typically recorded in manuscripts or occasionally inscribed on architectural elements. The Amasya example stands apart. By carving the endowment directly into bedrock, its creators transformed a legal document into a permanent public statement embedded in the natural landscape. According to regional heritage officials, this characteristic may make it the only known rock-cut waqf inscription of its kind globally—a claim that, if further supported, would place the monument in a unique position within both Ottoman studies and the broader history of epigraphy.

600-Year-Old Rock-Cut Ottoman Endowment Inscription Restored in Amasya, Possibly Unique Worldwide

A 600-year-old Ottoman endowment inscription carved directly into natural bedrock has been restored in Amasya, northern Türkiye. Dating to 1418, the Bayezid Pasha foundation text is now readable again after years of damage, and experts say it may represent the only known example of a waqf inscription carved into living rock anywhere in the world.

Central Anatolia’s Largest Mosaic Site Officially Declared an Archaeological Area in Kayseri

Central Anatolia’s Largest Mosaic Site Officially Declared an Archaeological Area in Kayseri

A major archaeological site in central Türkiye has gained official protection status after years of excavation revealed one of the region’s most extensive mosaic complexes. The mosaic structure uncovered in Örenşehir, İncesu (Kayseri)—described as the largest of its kind in Central Anatolia—has now been formally designated as an “archaeological site” (ören yeri), marking a significant

Ottoman Village Square Discovered at Sillyon Ancient City in Antalya

Ottoman Village Square Discovered at Sillyon Ancient City in Antalya

A quiet patch of ruins in southern Türkiye has revealed an unexpected layer of history. At the ancient city of Sillyon, archaeologists have identified the remains of an Ottoman-era village square, complete with a mosque, a water source, and an open communal space—suggesting that the site remained a living settlement long after antiquity. The discovery

Amyzon

Looters Target 2,300-Year-Old Amyzon as Excavations in Ancient Carian City Remain Delayed

The ancient city of Amyzon, located in Aydın Province in western Türkiye, has become increasingly vulnerable to looting after long-planned archaeological excavations failed to begin. Dating back more than 2,300 years, the Carian city preserves impressive defensive walls and architectural remains. Yet despite its archaeological importance, Amyzon has not been the focus of a systematic

Bronze Mars Statue

World’s Only Life-Size Bronze Mars Statue Now Viewable Up Close at Zeugma Mosaic Museum

Visitors to the Zeugma Mosaic Museum in Gaziantep can now experience one of the institution’s most remarkable masterpieces from a completely new perspective. A specially constructed viewing platform allows the public to approach the museum’s approximately 2,000-year-old bronze statue of Mars more closely than ever before. The museum, established in 2011 across a 30,000-square-meter complex

7.7-Million-Year-Old Fossils Unearthed in Central Anatolia

New 7.7-Million-Year-Old Fossils Unearthed in Central Anatolia: Kayseri Site Reveals Younger Species Remains

Fresh fossil discoveries in central Türkiye are offering new insight into Anatolia’s deep-time biodiversity. Excavations near the Yamula Dam locality in Kayseri have yielded 103 new fossil fragments during the 2025 field season—remains that researchers believe may belong to a younger species than those previously documented at the site. The finds come from the Çevril–Taşhan

Seljuk-Era Bronze Amulet Discovered at Ancient Lystra

Seljuk-Era Bronze Amulet Discovered at Ancient Lystra in Central Türkiye

Archaeological excavations at ancient Lystra, near Konya in central Türkiye, have revealed a Seljuk-era bronze amulet, adding a new dimension to the city’s already layered history. The triangular pendant was uncovered inside what archaeologists believe to be a Seljuk-period residential structure — alongside material evidence linked to Christian communities living under Seljuk rule. The excavations

Syedra Ancient City’s Theater

International Research Grant Brings Syedra Ancient City’s Theater into the Global Archaeological Spotlight

A major international academic partnership has elevated archaeological research at Syedra, as a joint Turkish–French project led by Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University receives competitive bilateral funding under the Bosphorus Programme.The project is notably the first international bilateral research initiative in the university’s history—marking a milestone for both the institution and the archaeological study of southern

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