Monday, April 6 2026
A 600-year-old Ottoman endowment inscription carved directly into natural bedrock has been restored in Amasya, northern Türkiye. Dating to 1418, the Bayezid Pasha foundation text is now readable again after years of damage, and experts say it may represent the only known example of a waqf inscription carved into living rock anywhere in the world. Located along the banks of the Yeşilırmak River, near the Leğenkaya Waterfall, the inscription had long been obscured by graffiti and surface deterioration. The recent restoration has not only cleaned the stone but also revealed a rare form of Ottoman documentation—one that was literally engraved into the landscape. A waqf text carved into living rock Commissioned by Grand Vizier Bayezid Pasha during the reign of Ottoman Sultan Mehmed I, the inscription differs fundamentally from typical waqf documents. Instead of being written on paper or carved onto a separate stone slab, the text was engraved directly into the natural rock surface. Before carving began, the rock face was carefully leveled to create a smooth plane resembling polished marble. The inscription, executed in relief, spans approximately 3 meters in width and 110 centimeters in height. It consists of eight lines in Arabic script and contains around 125 words, excluding particles. This deliberate and permanent method of inscription suggests a strong intention to embed the legal and charitable framework of the foundation into the physical environment itself. From vandalized surface to readable text Over time, the inscription suffered significant damage. Spray paint, scratches, and informal markings had turned the surface into what locals described as a “writing board,” obscuring much of the original text. The restoration process involved carefully removing paint residues using a controlled micro-abrasion technique with travertine powder. The weakened stone surface was then stabilized with compatible conservation materials. To improve legibility, conservators applied subtle shading, allowing the carved letters to stand out more clearly without altering the original structure. As a result, the inscription has regained much of its visual clarity. Protected for the future The intervention went beyond cleaning and stabilization. A reinforced protection system was installed around the site, including structural supports and a transparent protective layer over the inscription itself. Lighting was also added to enhance nighttime visibility, ensuring the inscription can be appreciated while remaining protected from further environmental and human damage. Why this inscription matters Waqf (endowment) documents played a central role in the Ottoman world, defining how religious, social, and charitable institutions were funded and maintained. These texts were typically recorded in manuscripts or occasionally inscribed on architectural elements. The Amasya example stands apart. By carving the endowment directly into bedrock, its creators transformed a legal document into a permanent public statement embedded in the natural landscape. According to regional heritage officials, this characteristic may make it the only known rock-cut waqf inscription of its kind globally—a claim that, if further supported, would place the monument in a unique position within both Ottoman studies and the broader history of epigraphy.

Anatolian News . Black Sea

600-Year-Old Rock-Cut Ottoman Endowment Inscription Restored in Amasya, Possibly Unique Worldwide

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A Lost City Revealed by Chance: Ara Güler’s Photographs Brought Aphrodisias to the World

Anatolian News

A Lost City Revealed by Chance: Ara Güler’s Photographs Brought Aphrodisias to the World

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Harbetsuvan Tepesi Reveals Organized Neolithic Settlement 10,000 Years Ago

Anatolian News . Southeastern Anatolia

Harbetsuvan Tepesi Reveals Organized Neolithic Settlement 10,000 Years Ago

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Harbetsuvan Tepesi, in southeastern Türkiye, doesn’t look like much at first. Low rises, scattered stones—nothing that immediately signals a breakthrough. But beneath that quiet surface, new research is pointing to something far more revealing: even small Neolithic communities were already living in structured, carefully organized settlements nearly 10,000 years ago. A Dense Settlement, Not a

147 Artifacts from 10,000-Year-Old Hasankeyf Go on Public Display for the First Time

Anatolian News

147 Artifacts from 10,000-Year-Old Hasankeyf Go on Public Display for the First Time

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Medusa mosaic

Anatolian News . Mediterrenian

2,000-Year-Old Medusa Mosaic at Kibyra Reopens to Visitors in Türkiye

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A 1700-year-old statue of Pan unearthed during the excavations at Polyeuktos in İstanbul
Written by June 30, 2023

A 1700-year-old statue of Pan unearthed during the excavations at Polyeuktos in İstanbul

Anatolian News . Marmara and Thrace Article

The 1700-year-old statue of Pan was unearthed during the excavations conducted by İstanbul Metropolitan Municipality (Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality Cultural Heritage Department) at the Polyeuktos site. The excavations at Saraçhane Archaeology Park, where the Church of St. Polyeuktos is located, have been ongoing continuously since June 8, 2022. During the excavation works at Saraçhane Archaeology Park,

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